Utent:Sarvaturi/IPA-Maltese
Minn Wikizzjunarju
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for Maltese language, according to the articles:
Kontenut |
[editja] Vowels
[editja] Short vowels
- All vowels at the end of a word are short and unstressed.
- All vowels are short when they are stressed and are followed by more than one consonant.
- IPA: /ɐ/ written a
- IPA: /ɛ/, written e (ex: dell)
- IPA: /ɔ/, written o (ex: bott)
- IPA: /ʊ/, written u (ex: pulptu) as in the English word full
- IPA: /ɪ/, written i (ex: fitt) as in the English word bit, fit
[editja] Long vowels
- All vowels are long (when they are stressed) and are followed by one consonant, or when they are after għ.
- IPA: /ɐː/, written a (ex: mgħamudija): ma:mu'dija
- IPA: /ɛː/, written e (ex: ġelu, għeri)
- IPA: /ɔː/, written o (ex: sod)
- IPA: /ʊː/, written u (ex: hut)
- IPA: /iː/, written i (ex: ilu) as in the English word jeep
- 1. IPA: /ɪː/, written ie (ex: grieg)
- 2. IPA: /iɛ/ written ie (ex: tlieta): no syllabation (there is one vowel "ie", not "i" and "e")
[editja] Diphtongs
Below is the Maltese alphabet, with IPA symbols and approximate English pronunciation:
| Letter | Name | Maltese example | IPA | Approximate English pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A a | a | anġlu (angel) | IPA: ɐ | similar to 'u' in nut in (RP: /nʌt/) or to 'a' in father (/ˈfɑː.ðə(ɹ)/) |
| B b | be | ballun (ball) | IPA: b | bar, but at the end of a word it is devoiced to IPA: [p] as in "qalb" (qalp), it happens also before consonant as in "btieħi" (ptieħi). |
| Ċ ċ | ċe | ċavetta (key) | IPA: t͡ʃ | church (note: undotted 'c' has been replaced by 'k', so when 'c' does appear, it is to be spoken the same way as 'ċ') |
| D d | de | dar (home) | IPA: d | day, but at the end of a word it is devoiced to IPA: [t] as in "ħadid" (ħadit) |
| E e | e | envelopp (envelope) | IPA: ɛ | end |
| F f | effe | fjura (flower) | IPA: f | far |
| Ġ ġ | ġe | ġelat (ice-cream) | IPA: d͡ʒ | gem, but at the end of a word it is devoiced to IPA: [tʃ] as in "tieġ" (tieċ), it happens also before consonant as in "ħriġt" (ħriċt). |
| G g | ge | gallettina (biscuit) | IPA: ɡ | game, but at the end of a word it is devoiced to IPA: [k]. |
| GĦ għ | ajn | għasfur (bird) |
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| H h | akka | hu (he) | not pronounced unless it is at the end of a word, in which case it has the sound of 'ħ'. | |
| Ħ ħ | ħe | ħanut (shop) | IPA: ħ | no English equivalent; sounds similar to IPA: /h/ but is articulated with a lowered larynx. |
| I i | i | ikel (food) | IPA: ɪ | bit |
| IE ie | ie | ieqaf (stop) | IPA: iɛ, IPA: iː | no English equivalent; sounds similar to IPA: /i/, as in yield, but opened up slightly towards towards IPA: /ɛ/ |
| J j | je | jum (day) | IPA: j | yard |
| K k | ke | kelb (dog) | IPA: k | kettle |
| L l | elle | libsa (dress) | IPA: l | line |
| M m | emme | mara (woman) | IPA: m | march |
| N n | enne | nanna (granny) | IPA: n | next |
| O o | o | ors (bear) | IPA: ɔ | like 'aw' in law, but shorter. |
| P p | pe | paġna (page, sheet) | IPA: p | part |
| Q q | qe | qattus (cat) | IPA: ʔ | glottal stop, found in the Cockney English pronunciation of "bottle" or the phrase "uh-oh" /ʔʌʔoʊ/. |
| R r | erre | re (king) | IPA: r | road |
| S s | esse | sliem (peace) | IPA: s | sand |
| T t | te | tieqa (window) | IPA: t | tired |
| U u | u | uviera (egg-cup) | IPA: ʊ | put |
| V v | ve | vjola (violet) | IPA: v | vast, but at the end of a word it is devoiced to IPA: [f]. |
| W w | we | widna (ear) | IPA: w | west |
| X x | exxe | xadina (monkey) | IPA: ʃ / ʒ | shade, sometimes as measure; when doubled the sound is elongated, as in "Cash shin" vs. "Cash in." |
| Z z | ze | zalza (sauce) | IPA: t͡s / d͡z | pizza |
| Ż ż | że | żraben (shoes) | IPA: z | maze, but at the end of a word it is devoiced to IPA: [s] as in "franċiż" (franċis), it happens also before consonant as in "sbieħ" (żbieħ). |
[editja] Stress rule
[editja] Vowels at the end
abbatija, abbrevjazzjoni, kapaċi, sata (èssiri capaci), abbuża (abbusari)
[editja] Consonants at the end
- h: stkerrah
- q: telaq (abbannunari)
- r: hassar (abbuliri), imsiefer
- s: nieqes (assenti), abbiss
