Module:ast-IPA
Documentation for this module may be created at Module:ast-IPA/doc
-- Based on [[Module:es-pronunc]] by: Benwing
-- Adapted by Santi2222
local export = {}
local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ast")
local u = require("Module:string/char")
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local AC = u(0x0301) -- acute = ́
local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀
local CFLEX = u(0x0302) -- circumflex = ̂
local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- tilde = ̃
local DIA = u(0x0308) -- diaeresis = ̈
local vowel = "aeiouy" -- vowel; include y so we get single-word y correct
local V = "[" .. vowel .. "]"
local W = "[jw]" -- glide
local accent = AC .. GR .. CFLEX
local accent_c = "[" .. accent .. "]"
local stress_c = "[" .. AC .. GR .. "]"
local ipa_stress = "ˈˌ"
local ipa_stress_c = "[" .. ipa_stress .. "]"
local separator = accent .. ipa_stress .. "# ."
local separator_c = "[" .. separator .. "]"
local C = "[^" .. vowel .. separator .. "]" -- consonant
local T = "[^" .. vowel .. "lrɾjw" .. separator .. "]" -- obstruent or nasal
local unstressed_words = require("Module:table").listToSet({ --feel free to add more unstressed words
"el", "la", "les", "lo", "los", -- definite articles
"que", "quien", "onde", "au", "le", "nos", "os", -- relative pronouns
"mos", "nos", "so", "te", -- unstressed pronouns
"y", "ya", "o", -- conjunctions
"con", "a", "de", "en", "pa", "per", "por", "sin", "tres" --prepositions
})
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval, nsubs > 0
end
-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
while true do
local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
if new_term == term then
return term
end
term = new_term
end
end
-- ɟ and ĉ are used internally to represent [ʝ⁓ɟ͡ʝ] and [t͡ʃ]
--
function export.IPA(text, phonetic)
local debug = {}
------------------------------------
text = ulower(text or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)
-- decompose everything but ñ and ü
text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text)
text = rsub(text, ".[" .. TILDE .. DIA .. "]", {
["n" .. TILDE] = "ñ",
["u" .. DIA] = "ü",
})
-- convert commas and en/en dashes to IPA foot boundaries
text = rsub(text, "%s*[,–—]%s*", " | ")
-- question mark or exclamation point in the middle of a sentence -> IPA foot boundary
text = rsub(text, "([^%s])%s*[¡!¿?]%s*([^%s])", "%1 | %2")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces and remove leading and trailing spaces
local function canon_spaces(text)
text = rsub(text, "%s+", " ")
text = rsub(text, "^ ", "")
text = rsub(text, " $", "")
return text
end
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- Make prefixes unstressed unless they have an explicit stress marker; also make certain
-- monosyllabic words (e.g. [[el]], [[la]], [[de]], [[en]], etc.) without stress marks be
-- unstressed.
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(words) do
if rfind(word, "%-$") and not rfind(word, accent_c) or unstressed_words[word] then
-- add CFLEX to the last vowel not the first one, or we will mess up 'que' by
-- adding the CFLEX after the 'u'
words[i] = rsub(word, "^(.*" .. V .. ")", "%1" .. CFLEX)
end
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- Convert hyphens to spaces
text = rsub(text, "-y", "y") --intercept the pronoun "-y"
text = rsub(text, "%-", " ")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces again, which may have been introduced by hyphens
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- now eliminate punctuation
text = rsub(text, "[¡!¿?']", "")
-- put # at word beginning and end and double ## at text/foot boundary beginning/end
text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #")
text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##"
table.insert(debug, text)
--determining whether "y" is a consonant or a vowel
text = rsub(text, "y(" .. V .. ")", "ɟ%1") -- not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "uy#", "uY#") -- a temporary symbol; replaced with i below
text = rsub(text, "y", "i")
--x
text = rsub(text, "x", "ʃ")
--c, g, q
text = rsub(text, "c([ie])", "θ%1")
text = rsub(text, "gü([ie])", "ɡw%1")
text = rsub(text, "gu([ie])", "ɡ%1") -- special IPA g, not normal g
text = rsub(text, "g([ie])", "x%1") -- must happen after handling of x above
-- following must happen before stress assignment; [[branding]] has initial stress like 'brandin'
text = rsub(text, "ng([^aeiouüwhlr])", "n%1") -- [[Bangkok]], [[ángstrom]], [[branding]]
text = rsub(text, "qu([ie])", "k%1")
text = rsub(text, "ü", "u") -- [[Düsseldorf]], [[hübnerita]], obsolete [[freqüentemente]], etc.
text = rsub(text, "q", "k") -- [[quark]], [[Qatar]], [[burqa]], [[Iraq]], etc.
text = rsub(text, "z", "θ")
table.insert(debug, text)
--alphabet-to-phoneme
text = rsub(text, "ch", "ĉ") --not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "#p([st])", "#%1") -- [[psicología]], [[pterodáctilo]]
text = rsub(text, "[cgjñrvy]",
--["g"]="ɡ": U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G → U+0261 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
{ ["c"] = "k", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["j"] = "x", ["ñ"] = "ɲ", ["r"] = "ɾ", ["v"] = "b" })
-- double l
text = rsubb(text, "ll", "ʎ")
-- trill in #r, lr, nr, sr, rr
text = rsub(text, "ɾɾ", "r")
-- FIXME: does this also apply to /θr/ (e.g. [[Azrael]], [[cruzrojista]])?
text = rsub(text, "([#lnsz])ɾ", "%1r")
-- reduce any remaining double consonants ([[Addis Abeba]], [[cappa]], [[descender]] in Latin America ...);
-- do this before handling of -nm- e.g. in [[inmigración]], which generates a double consonant, and do this
-- before voicing stops before obstruents, to avoid problems with [[cappa]] and [[crackear]]
text = rsub(text, "(" .. C .. ")%1", "%1")
-- voiceless stop to voiced before obstruent or nasal; but intercept -ts-, -tz-
local voice_stop = { ["p"] = "b", ["t"] = "d", ["k"] = "ɡ" }
text = rsub(text, "t(" .. separator_c .. "*[szθ])", "!%1") -- temporary symbol
text = rsub(text, "([ptk])(" .. separator_c .. "*" .. T .. ")",
function(stop, after)
return voice_stop[stop] .. after
end)
text = rsub(text, "!", "t")
text = rsub(text, "n([# .]*[bpm])", "m%1")
table.insert(debug, text)
--syllable division
local vowel_to_glide = { ["i"] = "j", ["u"] = "w" }
-- i and u between vowels -> j and w ([[paranoia]], [[baiano]], [[abreuense]], [[alauita]], [[Malaui]], etc.)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)([iu])(" .. V .. ")",
function(v1, iu, v2)
return v1 .. vowel_to_glide[iu] .. v2
end
)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. C .. W .. "?" .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. "+)(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub(text, "([pbktdɡ])%.([lɾ])", ".%1%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
-- Any aeo, or stressed iu, should be syllabically divided from a following aeo or stressed iu.
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub(text, "([iu]" .. stress_c .. ")([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([iu]" .. stress_c .. ")(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "i(" .. accent_c .. "*)i", "i%1.i")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "u(" .. accent_c .. "*)u", "u%1.u")
table.insert(debug, text)
--diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "ih?([aeou])", "j%1")
text = rsub(text, "uh?([aeio])", "w%1")
table.insert(debug, text)
local accent_to_stress_mark = { [AC] = "ˈ", [GR] = "ˌ", [CFLEX] = "" }
local function accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Now stress the word. If any accent exists in the word (including ^ indicating an unaccented word),
-- put the stress mark(s) at the beginning of the indicated syllable(s). Otherwise, apply the default
-- stress rule.
if rfind(word, accent_c) then
for i = 1, #syllables do
syllables[i] = rsub(syllables[i], "^(.*)(" .. accent_c .. ")(.*)$",
function(pre, accent, post)
return accent_to_stress_mark[accent] .. pre .. post
end
)
end
else
-- Default stress rule. Words without vowels (e.g. IPA foot boundaries) don't get stress.
if #syllables > 1 and rfind(word, "[^aeiouns#]#") or #syllables == 1 and rfind(word, "[aeiou]") then
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
elseif #syllables > 1 then
syllables[#syllables - 1] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables - 1]
end
end
end
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for j, word in ipairs(words) do
-- accentuation
local syllables = rsplit(word, "%.")
if rfind(word, "men%.te#") then
local mente_syllables
-- Words ends in -mente (converted above to ménte); add a stress to the preceding portion
-- (e.g. [[agriamente]] -> 'ágriaménte') unless already stressed (e.g. [[rápidamente]]).
-- It will be converted to secondary stress further below. Essentially, we rip the word apart
-- into two words ('mente' and the preceding portion) and stress each one independently.
mente_syllables = {}
mente_syllables[2] = table.remove(syllables)
mente_syllables[1] = table.remove(syllables)
accent_word(table.concat(syllables, "."), syllables)
accent_word(table.concat(mente_syllables, "."), mente_syllables)
table.insert(syllables, mente_syllables[1])
table.insert(syllables, mente_syllables[2])
else
accent_word(word, syllables)
end
-- Vowels are nasalized if followed by nasal in same syllable.
if phonetic then
for i = 1, #syllables do
-- first check for two vowels (veinte)
syllables[i] = rsub(syllables[i], "(" .. V .. ")(" .. V .. ")([mnɲ])",
"%1" .. TILDE .. "%2" .. TILDE .. "%3")
-- then for one vowel
syllables[i] = rsub(syllables[i], "(" .. V .. ")([mnɲ])", "%1" .. TILDE .. "%2")
end
end
-- Reconstruct the word.
words[j] = table.concat(syllables, phonetic and "." or "")
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
text = rsub(text, "Y", "i") --final -uy
-- suppress syllable mark before IPA stress indicator
text = rsub(text, "%.(" .. ipa_stress_c .. ")", "%1")
--make all primary stresses but the last one be secondary
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "ˈ(.+)ˈ", "ˌ%1ˈ")
--phonetic transcription
if phonetic then
-- θ, s, f before voiced consonants
local voiced = "mnɲbdɟɡʎl"
local r = "ɾr"
local tovoiced = {
["θ"] = "θ̬",
["s"] = "z",
["ʃ"] = "ʒ",
}
local function voice(sound, following)
return tovoiced[sound] .. following
end
text = rsub(text, "([θsʃ])(" .. separator_c .. "*[" .. voiced .. r .. "])", voice)
-- fricative vs. stop allophones; first convert stops to fricatives, then back to stops
-- after nasals and sometimes after l
local stop_to_fricative = { ["b"] = "β", ["d"] = "ð", ["ɟ"] = "ʝ", ["ɡ"] = "ɣ" }
local fricative_to_stop = { ["β"] = "b", ["ð"] = "d", ["ʝ"] = "ɟ", ["ɣ"] = "ɡ" }
text = rsub(text, "[bdɟɡ]", stop_to_fricative)
text = rsub(text, "([mnɲ]" .. separator_c .. "*)([βɣ])",
function(nasal, fricative)
return nasal .. fricative_to_stop[fricative]
end
)
text = rsub(text, "([lʎmnɲ]" .. separator_c .. "*)([ð])",
function(nasal_l, fricative)
return nasal_l .. fricative_to_stop[fricative]
end
)
text = rsub(text, "([mnɲ]" .. separator_c .. "*)([ʝ])",
function(nasal_l, fricative)
return nasal_l .. fricative_to_stop[fricative]
end
)
text = rsub(text, "(##" .. ipa_stress_c .. "*)([βɣðʝ])",
function(stress, fricative)
return stress .. fricative_to_stop[fricative]
end
)
text = rsub(text, "[td]", { ["t"] = "t̪", ["d"] = "d̪" })
--dental s/z
local dental = "dtθð"
local todental = {
["s"] = "s̪",
["z"] = "z̪",
}
local function dent(sound, following)
return todental[sound] .. following
end
text = rsub(text, "([sz])(" .. separator_c .. "*[" .. dental .. "])", dent)
-- nasal assimilation before consonants
local labiodental, dentialveolar, dental, palatal, velar, alveolar = "ɱ", "n̪", "n̟", "ɲ", "ŋ", "n"
local nasal_assimilation = {
["f"] = labiodental,
["t"] = dentialveolar, ["d"] = dentialveolar,
["θ"] = dental,
["ĉ"] = palatal,
["ɲ"] = palatal,
["ʃ"] = palatal,
["ʒ"] = palatal,
["ɟ"] = palatal, ["ʎ"] = palatal,
["k"] = velar, ["x"] = velar, ["ɡ"] = velar,
["s"] = alveolar, ["z"] = alveolar, ["l"] = alveolar, ["r"] = alveolar, ["ɾ"] = alveolar, ["n"] = alveolar,
}
text = rsub(text, "n(" .. separator_c .. "*)(.)",
function(stress, following)
return (nasal_assimilation[following] or "n") .. stress .. following
end
)
--velar ŋ in final position before vowels
text = rsub(text, "n#", "ŋ#")
text = rsub(text, "ŋ(" .. separator_c .. "*)(.)",
function(stress, following)
return (nasal_assimilation[following] or "ŋ") .. stress .. following
end
)
-- lateral assimilation before consonants
text = rsub(text, "l(" .. separator_c .. "*)(.)",
function(stress, following)
local l = "l"
if following == "t" or following == "d" then
-- dentialveolar
l = "l̪"
elseif following == "θ" then
-- dental
l = "l̟"
elseif following == "ĉ" or following == "ɲ" or following == "ɟ" or following == "ʎ" or following == "ʃ" then
-- palatal
l = "ʎ"
end
return l .. stress .. following
end)
--semivowels
text = rsub(text, "eu", "øu")
text = rsub(text, "([aeouãẽõũ][iĩ])", "%1̯")
text = rsub(text, "([aeioãẽĩõø][uũ])", "%1̯")
-- voiced fricatives are actually approximants
text = rsub(text, "([βðɣ])", "%1̞")
end
table.insert(debug, text)
-- remove silent "h" and convert fake symbols to real ones
local final_conversions = {
["h"] = "", -- silent "h"
["ĉ"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
["ɟ"] = phonetic and "ɟ͡ʝ" or "ʝ", -- fake "y" to real "y"
}
local final_conversions_phonetic = { -- post-alveolars are actually palatal or pre-palatal
["ʃ"] = "ɕ",
["ʒ"] = "ʑ",
["ĉ"] = "t͡ɕ",
}
if phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "[ʃʒĉ]", final_conversions_phonetic)
end
text = rsub(text, "[hĉɟ]", final_conversions)
-- remove # symbols at word and text boundaries
text = rsub(text, "#", "")
return mw.ustring.toNFC(text)
end
function export.show(frame)
local params = {
[1] = {},
["pre"] = {},
}
local parargs = frame:getParent().args
local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params)
local results = {}
local text = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. export.IPA(text, false) .. "/" })
table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. export.IPA(text, true) .. "]" })
local pre = args.pre and args.pre .. " " or ""
return "* " .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results }
end
return export